Showing posts with label Dr. David Frederick Hepburn. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Dr. David Frederick Hepburn. Show all posts

US Government Funds Research on CBG, CBC, CBN and terpenes - Dr. David Hepburn

Thursday, 20 December 2018


“Thepowerful NIH isfunding non clinicalresearchonminorcannabinoids and severalterpenesincludingmy personal favourite, beta caryophyllene. Thegoalis to mitigatetheepidemic of chronicpainthatwillaccompanythe grey tsunami and to decreasetheloss of productivity and increasedcost ($2000 per person per year) associatedwithchronicpain.” -   Dr. David Hepburn

This Notice is being provided to allow potential applicants sufficient time to develop meaningful collaborations and responsive projects, as well as to give potential applicants sufficient time to determine whether they need to obtain investigator registration and site licensure from the Drug Enforcement Agency (DEA) ,if appropriate. For applications that include human use of any of the compounds, this Notice provides time to determine whether an Investigational New Drug (IND) application is needed, or if the FDA will provide a written waiver indicating that an IND is not needed for the proposed research. No awards will be made to the investigators in the absence of appropriate FDA/IND documentations for proposed human subject studies.

The FOA is expected to be published in Winter 2019 with an expected application due date in March 2019.

Read full notice here:


Dr. Dave Hepburn website: https://doctordavidhepburn.com

Cannabis Users Less Likely to Get Diabetes - Dr. David Hepburn

“A recentstudyfromCanadaindicatesthat cannabis usershave a significantlydecreasedrisk of having diabetes. Thisis no smalldiscoverygiventhat diabetes isone of thescourges of oursociety. Itwill be nothing short of fascinating to discoverhow cannabis can potentiallyprotectagainst diabetes. Staytuned.”-    Dr. David Hepburn 

A decreased likelihood of diabetes for cannabis users versus non-users was indicated after accounting for a range of potential con-founders, including mental health disorders. Before the protective effects of cannabis use for diabetes can be suggested, further epidemiological studies are needed that incorporate prospective designs, as well as feature innovative exposure measurements and statistical analyses.

Although there was a considerable attenuation in the magnitude of the odds ratios after adjustment for confounders, there was still a decreased likelihood of diabetes for cannabis users versus non-users.

Read full article here:

Dr. David Hepburn website: https://doctordavidhepburn.com

Cannabis for Crohn’s? - Dr. David Hepburn


“Cannabis isgetting more attentionfortheawfulconditions of Crohn's and Ulcerative Colitis. Inflammatoryboweldisease, not to be confusedwith Irritable BowelDisease (though cannabis appears to havesomeeffect in both) isnotanuncommonconditionthat can lead to drasticmeasures.”
       -  Dr. David Hepburn

Research from the University of Bath said the findings could help explain why some patients with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) report medical marijuana can help their symptoms.
The researchers believe that, because cannabis use introduces cannabinoids into the body, these molecules could help relieve gut inflammation as the naturally produced endocannabinoids would.

Read full article here:


Dr. Dave Hepburn website: https://doctordavidhepburn.com

Exciting Promise of Role of CBD in Alzheimer’s Neuro-inflammation - Dr. David Hepburn

Monday, 19 November 2018

Article Recommended by Dr. David Hepburn:




"GPR55 is a receptor that is getting a lot of attention in medical research. 40% of drugs are meant to target this receptor due to it’s role in conditions ranging from colon cancer to dementia to MS. THC activates this receptor while CBD does the exact opposite, further underscoring the complicated relationship of the various cannabinoids and showing that “cannabis is not cannabis, it’s cannabis.” The CBD blockage of this receptor is showing promise in addressing certain disease states such as Alzheimers disease, as this recent rat research reveals."

-Dr. Dave Hepburn



Anti-neuroinflammatory effects of GPR55 antagonists in LPS-activated primary microglial cells


Abstract

Background

Neuroinflammation plays a vital role in Alzheimer’s disease and other neurodegenerative conditions. Microglia are the resident mononuclear immune cells of the central nervous system, and they play essential roles in the maintenance of homeostasis and responses to neuroinflammation. The orphan G-protein-coupled receptor 55 (GPR55) has been reported to modulate inflammation and is expressed in immune cells such as monocytes and microglia. However, its effects on neuroinflammation, mainly on the production of members of the arachidonic acid pathway in activated microglia, have not been elucidated in detail.

Methods

In this present study, a series of coumarin derivatives, that exhibit GPR55 antagonism properties, were designed. The effects of these compounds on members of the arachidonic acid cascade were studied in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated primary rat microglia using Western blot, qPCR, and ELISA.

Results

We demonstrate here that the various compounds with GPR55 antagonistic activities significantly inhibited the release of PGE2 in primary microglia. The inhibition of LPS-induced PGE2 release by the most potent candidate KIT 17 was partially dependent on reduced protein synthesis of mPGES-1 and COX-2. KIT 17 did not affect any key enzyme involved on the endocannabinoid system. We furthermore show that microglia expressed GPR55 and that a synthetic antagonist of the GPR receptor (ML193) demonstrated the same effect of the KIT 17 on the inhibition of PGE2.

Conclusions

Our results suggest that KIT 17 is acting as an inverse agonist on GPR55 independent of the endocannabinoid system. Targeting GPR55 might be a new therapeutic option to treat neurodegenerative diseases with a neuroinflammatory background such as Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson, and multiple sclerosis (MS).

To read the full article please visit:


Dr. Dave Hepburn website:https://doctordavidhepburn.com

Singing or Running Elevate Endocannabinoids and Boosts Mood - Dr. David Hepburn

Wednesday, 14 November 2018

Article Recommended by Dr. David Hepburn:



An Analysis of Endocannabinoid Concentrations and Mood Following Singing and Exercise in Healthy Volunteers

The euphoric feeling described after running is, at least in part, due to increased circulating endocannabinoids (eCBs). eCBs are lipid signaling molecules involved in reward, appetite, mood, memory and neuroprotection. 

The aim of this study was to investigate whether activities other than running can increase circulating eCBs. Nine healthy female volunteers (mean 61 years) were recruited from a local choir. Circulating eCBs, haemodynamics, mood and hunger ratings were measured before and immediately after 30 min of dance, reading, singing or cycling in a fasted state. 

Singing increased plasma levels of anandamide (AEA) by 42% (P < 0.05), palmitoylethanolamine (PEA) by 53% (P < 0.01) and oleoylethanolamine (OEA) by 34% (P < 0.05) and improved positive mood and emotions (P < 0.01), without affecting hunger scores. 

Dancing did not affect eCB levels or hunger ratings, but decreased negative mood and emotions (P < 0.01). 

Cycling increased OEA levels by 26% (P < 0.05) and tended to decrease how hungry volunteers felt, without affecting mood. 


"The “runners high” which was thought years ago to be courtesy of our endorphins is now known to be caused by our endogenous cannabinoid, anandamide (AEA). While dancing and cycling did not elevate AEA, singing actually did. No comments on if you sound like a hound being dragged through a keyhole. Anybody interested in starting a jogging choir to get high?  
Increases in AEA underlies the rewarding and pleasurable effects of singing and exercise and ultimately some of the long-term beneficial effects on mental health, cognition and memory."
-Dr. Dave Hepburn


To read the full article please visit:

Dr. Dave Hepburn website:https://doctordavidhepburn.com

Yet Another Cannabinoid Shows Remarkable Promise - Dr. David Hepburn

Monday, 22 October 2018


Article recommend by Dr. David Hepburn:

Effect of cannabidiolic acid and -tetrahydrocannabinol on carrageenan-induced hyperalgesia and edema in a rodent model of inflammatory pain.

Abstract

RATIONALE:

Cannabidiol (CBD), a non-intoxicating component of cannabis, or the psychoactive Δ9-tetrahydrocannabiol (THC), shows anti-hyperalgesia and anti-inflammatory properties.

OBJECTIVES:

The present study evaluates the anti-inflammatory and anti-hyperalgesia effects of CBD's potent acidic precursor, cannabidiolic acid (CBDA), in a rodent model of carrageenan-induced acute inflammation in the rat hind paw, when administered systemically (intraperitoneal, i.p.) or orally before and/or after carrageenan. In addition, we assess the effects of oral administration of THC or CBDA, their mechanism of action, and the efficacy of combined ineffective doses of THC and CBDA in this model. Finally, we compare the efficacy of CBD and CBDA.

RESULTS:

CBDA given i.p. 60 min prior to carrageenan (but not 60 min after carrageenan) produced dose-dependent anti-hyperalgesia and anti-inflammatory effects. In addition, THC or CBDA given by oral gavage 60 min prior to carrageenan produced anti-hyperalgesia effects, and THC reduced inflammation. The anti-hyperalgesia effects of THC were blocked by SR141716 (a cannabinoid 1 receptor antagonist), while CBDA's effects were blocked by AMG9810 (a transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1 antagonist). In comparison to CBDA, an equivalent low dose of CBD did not reduce hyperalgesia, suggesting that CBDA is more potent than CBD for this indication. Interestingly, when ineffective doses of CBDA or THC alone were combined, this combination produced an anti-hyperalgesia effect and reduced inflammation.

CONCLUSION:

CBDA or THC alone, as well as very low doses of combined CBDA and THC, has anti-inflammatory and anti-hyperalgesia effects in this animal model of acute inflammation.


“CBDA is the precursor of CBD and is the raw form of cannabis. Already considered 100x more powerful than CBD as an anti-nauseant (anti emetic) and may have a role in the reduction of breast cancer metastasis PLUS anxiety. Stay tuned to see how interesting a molecule this non psychoactive little gem might be.”
Dr. David Hepburn


To read the full article please visit: 

Dr. David Hepburn website: 

Cannabinoid Receptor Protects Against Hearing Loss Caused by Chemotherapy - Dr. David Hepburn

Monday, 1 October 2018


Article recommend by Dr. David Hepburn:


The Endocannabinoid/Cannabinoid Receptor 2 System Protects Against Cisplatin-Induced Hearing Loss


Abstract
Previous studies have demonstrated the presence of cannabinoid 2 receptor (CB2R) in the rat cochlea which was induced by cisplatin. In an organ of Corti-derived cell culture model, it was also shown that an agonist of the CB2R protected these cells against cisplatin-induced apoptosis. In the current study, we determined the distribution of CB2R in the mouse and rat cochleae and examined whether these receptors provide protection against cisplatin-induced hearing loss. In a knock-in mouse model expressing the CB2R tagged with green fluorescent protein, we show distribution of CB2R in the organ of Corti, stria vascularis, spiral ligament and spiral ganglion cells. A similar distribution of CB2R was observed in the rat cochlea using a polyclonal antibody against CB2R. Trans-tympanic administration of (2-methyl-1-propyl-1H-indol-3-yl)-1-naphthalenylmethanone (JWH015), a selective agonist of the CB2R, protected against cisplatin-induced hearing loss which was reversed by blockade of this receptor with 6-iodo-2-methyl-1-[2-(4-morpholinyl)ethyl]-1H-indol-3-yl](4-methoxyphenyl)methanone (AM630), an antagonist of CB2R. JWH015 also reduced the loss of outer hair cells (OHCs) in the organ of Corti, loss of inner hair cell (IHC) ribbon synapses and loss of Na+/K+-ATPase immunoreactivity in the stria vascularis. Administration of AM630 alone produced significant hearing loss (measured by auditory brainstem responses) which was not associated with loss of OHCs, but led to reductions in the levels of IHC ribbon synapses and strial Na+/K+-ATPase immunoreactivity. Furthermore, knock-down of CB2R by trans-tympanic administration of siRNA sensitized the cochlea to cisplatin-induced hearing loss at the low and middle frequencies. Hearing loss induced by cisplatin and AM630 in the rat was associated with increased expression of genes for oxidative stress and inflammatory proteins in the rat cochlea. In vitro studies indicate that JWH015 did not alter cisplatin-induced killing of cancer cells suggesting this agent could be safely used during cisplatin chemotherapy. These data unmask a protective role of the cochlear endocannabinoid/CB2R system which appears tonically active under normal conditions to preserve normal hearing. However, an exogenous agonist is needed to boost the activity of endocannabinoid/CB2R system for protection against a more traumatic cochlear insult, as observed with cisplatin administration.

“One of the several possible nasty side effects of a common anticancer medication, is hearing loss. Activation of CB2R appears to prevent this, indicating an important role of the ECS (endocannabinoid system) in neuroprotection."
Dr. David Hepburn

To read the full article please visit:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6110918/


Dr. David Hepburn website:
doctordavidhepburn.com



New study: Autism and Cannabis - Dr. David Hepburn

Monday, 17 September 2018


Article recommend by Dr. David Hepburn:

Military Funds Research of Cannabis-based Autism Treatment for Kids


Study: The trial aims to study the effectiveness of cannabidivarin (CBDV) on irritability and repetitive behaviors in children with ASD. 

Raising a child with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) can be an overwhelming experience for parents and have far-reaching effects on the entire family. According to CDC estimates, one in every 68 children has ASD and many exhibit aggressive, self-injurious and repetitive behaviors.

The hope is that CBDV can be an effective treatment for these behaviors without the significant side effects present in current treatments, according to Hollander.


“The remarkable thing to me about this study is, not that it only involves CBDV, but that it is being sponsored by the US Department of Defence. Clearly, we have progressed.”
Dr. David Hepburn



To read the full article please visit:
https://www.childrenshospitals.org/newsroom/childrens-hospitals-today/articles/2018/03/military-funds-research-of-cannabis-based-autism-treatment-for-kids

Dr. Dave Hepburn website:

doctordavidhepburn.com

Cannabis leads to fewer bladder infections - Dr. David Hepburn

Thursday, 13 September 2018


Article recommend by Dr. David Hepburn:


The Association Between Tetrahydrocannabinol and Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms Utilizing the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.

Abstract:

OBJECTIVE:

To further define the relationship between tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS), specifically how THC use associates with the frequency of LUTS in young community-dwelling men in the United States. 

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) database was queried (2005-2008). Men ages 20-59 who completed the urinary and substance abuse questionnaires were included. The presence of LUTS was defined as having ≥2 of the following: nocturia (≥2), hesitancy, incomplete emptying, or incontinence. THC use was self-reported, and participants were considered regular smokers if they endorsed smoking at least once per month. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to analyze the relationship between THC and LUTS. 

RESULTS:

Among 3,037 men who met inclusion criteria, 14.4% (n=477) of subjects reported THC use. In multivariable analyses, adjusting for clinical variables, regular THC users remained significantly less likely to report LUTS (odds ratio of 0.55; CI 95% 0.408-0.751, p<0.01) compared to non-users. 

CONCLUSION:

Obesity, diabetes, and multiple co-morbidities are well-established risk factors for LUTS within the NHANES. Regular THC use, however, appears to be protective from LUTS in young community-dwelling men.

“Bladder infections are an extremely common concern. Should this extrapolate to all demographics, this would be very significant."

To read the full article please visit:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30142408

Dr. Dave Hepburn website:

LEGALIZING MEDICAL CANNABIS ACTUALLY IMPROVES WORKPLACE SAFETY

Friday, 24 August 2018



Article recommended by Dr. David Frederick Hepburn:

Medical marijuana laws and workplace fatalities in the United States.



Abstract
  • AIMS: The aim of this research was to determine the association between legalizing medical marijuana and workplace fatalities.
  • DESIGN:Repeated cross-sectional data on workplace fatalities at the state-year level were analyzed using a multivariate Poisson regression.
  • SETTING: To date, 29 states and the District of Columbia have legalized the use of marijuana for medicinal purposes. Although there is increasing concern that legalizing medical marijuana will make workplaces more dangerous, little is known about the relationship between medical marijuana laws (MMLs) and workplace fatalities.
  • PARTICIPANTS: All 50 states and the District of Columbia for the period 1992-2015.
  • MEASUREMENTS: Workplace fatalities by state and year were obtained from the Bureau of Labor Statistics. Regression models were adjusted for state demographics, the unemployment rate, state fixed effects, and year fixed effects.
  • FINDINGS: Legalizing medical marijuana was associated with a 19.5% reduction in the expected number of workplace fatalities among workers aged 25-44 (incident rate ratio [IRR], 0.805; 95% CI, .662-.979). The association between legalizing medical marijuana and workplace fatalities among workers aged 16-24, although negative, was not statistically significant at conventional levels. The association between legalizing medical marijuana and workplace fatalities among workers aged 25-44 grew stronger over time. Five years after coming into effect, MMLs were associated with a 33.7% reduction in the expected number of workplace fatalities (IRR, 0.663; 95% CI, .482-.912). MMLs that listed pain as a qualifying condition or allowed collective cultivation were associated with larger reductions in fatalities among workers aged 25-44 than those that did not.
  • CONCLUSIONS: The results provide evidence that legalizing medical marijuana improved workplace safety for workers aged 25-44. Further investigation is required to determine whether this result is attributable to reductions in the consumption of alcohol and other substances that impair cognitive function, memory, and motor skills.
  • KEYWORDS: Medical marijuana; Workplace fatalities

“While this may seem, at first blush, to go against reason, the reduction of alcohol consumption with medical cannabis use, has been show to improve alcohol-related safety parameters in jurisdictions where medical cannabis is permitted. That it appears to extend to the workplace is very revealing" Dr. David Hepburn


To read the full article please visit:



OIL AND GAS BY DR. DAVID HEPBURN

Wednesday, 15 August 2018


Dr. David Hepburn: 

The two most common delivery mechanisms for medical cannabis are oils or gas (as in vapour). Creams, wafers, sprays, tinctures and suppositories, while useful and fun, universally trail ingestion or inhalation methods.

OIL

Oils can be obtained in a bottle, capsules or even as a vape (not MD-recommended currently). As a pill taking society, many would prefer to use a capsule, given that it looks medical and resembles other capsules in the neighbours’ bathroom. The other advantage of an encapsulated oil is that the dosing is much more accurate. Canada limits capsules to a maximum of 10mg THC per unit. Ingested cannabis oil has the advantage of lasting longer but the disadvantage of taking forever to kick in. 

Once the oilhas been ingested it must wend it’s way past the waffles, kumquats and possibly some of the neighbours’ capsules, then get absorbed from the gut and zip off to the liver for a little sprucing up before being presented to the bloodstream. The liver typically wets the side of a Kleenex and dabs away at the oil until it frowns and turns away. Too late. The liver has converted 9 delta THC into 11 delta THC and, while this new form is effective as medicine, it is rather more psychoactive. This whole process, from mouth to membrane, takes 90-120 minutes which can be a good thing… or….
Cyril Bloggins, not an experienced user of cannabis, has taken note how his wife, Daisy, has had her wrist, bowels and crankiness all improved since she started cooking those new BC brownies. He decides to try one for his own nasty, gnarly, kneecap, so he cuts one from the herd and braces himself. An hour goes by. Feels nothing. 

Sneaks back in and grabs another, and another and noting some Reeses Pieces and marshmallows in the mix, decides they taste pretty good and… he still doesn’t feel anything. Soon half the plate is in Cyril’s central solar system. Cyril… doesn’t get out of bed for three days. He is so stoned that his head is on lock down and Mabel has morphed into Heather Locklear (the early years). Cyril’s natural reaction “I must be allergic to cannabis.” No Cyril, the toxicity is always in the dose and you just dosed yourself into a long doze.  


GAS

Vaporization is to smoking what a unicycle is to a Harley. Doctors are simply averse to suggesting you smoke anything, however vaporizing is a different kettle of kush altogether. Vaporization means no combustion engine and is safer, cleaner, healthier and has less odour. Medically, vaporization involves the same dried flower used for smoking, except, rather than light it on fire, it is heated to a specific temperature that releases the cannabinoids without incinerating everything. It’s like barbecuing a juicy T-bone to perfection or forgetting that the steak is on the grill, coming back six hours later to find a charred moon rock. Given the fact that inhalation of cannabis is felt within a couple of minutes, there are times when inhalation is preferred over ingestion. 
Any migraineur will tell you that they don’t want to wait two hours and their nausea has their stomach begging to be left alone. There are even some types of pain and spasm where inhalation is preferable to an ingested oil. Today’s vaporizers, like their users, come in all kinds of discreet shapes, sizes, colours and odours. 
And, on occasion, combining the two delivery mechanisms is required to get full benefit. Start by adding some oil and then ….fill up on gas. 

Dr. David Hepburn website
doctordavidhepburn.com 
For Healthy tips from Dr. David Hepburn visit
davidfrederickhepburntips.com
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